The consultation process for the Draft Environment Bill 2024 officially closed on Friday 12 December 2025, bringing to an end more than two years of nationwide engagement on the future of environmental legislation in the Cook Islands. The consultations formed part of a long-term effort to strengthen the existing legal framework so it remains robust, relevant and responsive to emerging environmental challenges.
The review of the Environment Act 2003 first began in 2017, recognising the need to strengthen environmental governance arrangements to better respond to emerging and evolving challenges. This work was later guided by the National Environment Policy 2022–2032, endorsed by Cabinet in 2022, which provided clear strategic direction for reform. The Draft Environment Bill was released for public consultation in May 2024 followed by key stakeholder consultations in Rarotonga, supported by a small dedicated team tasked with leading nationwide engagement and facilitating feedback. Submissions were received from stakeholders including local communities across the Cook Islands, reflecting strong interest and valuable perspectives that will inform the next stages of the legislative process.
Extensive consultations were held across Rarotonga and the Pa Enua to ensure broad participation and meaningful dialogue. Pa Enua Tokelau consultations took place in November 2024 and April 2025, followed by Pa Enua Tonga consultations beginning in Aitutaki in October 2025 and continuing through Atiu, Mauke, Mangaia and Mitiaro in November 2025. The final phase of consultations is being completed in Rarotonga in December, rounding out an inclusive consultation programme.
The Draft Environment Bill introduces several important elements, including new provisions for strategic environmental assessment, bioprospecting and access and benefit sharing, and improved management of protected and invasive species. It also strengthens compliance tools through mechanisms such as instant penalties, environmental protection notices and improved public access to environmental information. Greater emphasis is placed on participation, recognising the role of aronga mana, communities and the public in environmental decision-making, alongside stronger integration of climate change and biodiversity considerations into national planning frameworks.
With consultations now closed, NES are analysing submissions, refine the Draft Bill where appropriate, and progress it through the remaining policy and legislative processes. NES thanks all individuals, communities, island governments and stakeholders who contributed their time, perspectives and knowledge, noting that the richness of engagement will play a critical role in shaping the future of environmental management, protection and conservation in the Cook Islands.
